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<art>
   <ui>1687-1812-2010-154598</ui>
   <ji>1687-1812</ji>
   <fm>
      <dochead>Research Article</dochead>
      <bibl>
         <title>
            <p>Weak <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i1.gif"/></inline-formula>-Sharp Minima in Vector Optimization Problems</p>
         </title>
         <aug>
            <au id="A1" ca="yes"><snm>Xu</snm><fnm>S</fnm><insr iid="I1"/><email>xxushu@126.com</email></au>
            <au id="A2"><snm>Li</snm><fnm>SJ</fnm><insr iid="I1"/><email>lisj@cqu.edu.cn</email></au>
         </aug>
         <insg>
            <ins id="I1"><p>College of Mathematics and Statistics, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China</p></ins>
         </insg>
         <source>Fixed Point Theory and Applications</source>
         <issn>1687-1812</issn>
         <pubdate>2010</pubdate>
         <volume>2010</volume>
         <issue>1</issue>
         <fpage>154598</fpage>
         <url>http://www.fixedpointtheoryandapplications.com/content/2010/1/154598</url>
         <xrefbib><pubid idtype="doi">10.1155/2010/154598</pubid></xrefbib>
      </bibl>
      <history><rec><date><day>23</day><month>4</month><year>2010</year></date></rec><revrec><date><day>15</day><month>7</month><year>2010</year></date></revrec><acc><date><day>13</day><month>8</month><year>2010</year></date></acc><pub><date><day>19</day><month>8</month><year>2010</year></date></pub></history>
      <cpyrt><year>2010</year><collab>S. Xu and S. J. Li.</collab><note>This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</note></cpyrt>
      <abs>
         <sec>
            <st>
               <p/>
            </st>
            <p>We present a sufficient and necessary condition for weak <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i2.gif"/></inline-formula>-sharp minima in infinite-dimensional spaces. Moreover, we develop the characterization of weak <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i3.gif"/></inline-formula>-sharp minima by virtue of a nonlinear scalarization function.</p>
         </sec>
      </abs>
   </fm>
   <bdy>
      <sec>
         <st>
            <p>1. Introduction</p>
         </st>
         <p>The notion of a weak sharp minimum in general mathematical program problems was first introduced by Ferris in [<abbr bid="B1">1</abbr>]. It is an extension of sharp minimum in [<abbr bid="B2">2</abbr>]. Weak sharp minima play important roles in the sensitivity analysis [<abbr bid="B3">3</abbr>, <abbr bid="B4">4</abbr>] and convergence analysis of a wide range of optimization algorithms [<abbr bid="B5">5</abbr>]. Recently, the study of weak sharp solution set covers real-valued optimization problems [<abbr bid="B5">5</abbr>&#8211;<abbr bid="B8">8</abbr>] and piecewise linear multiobjective optimization problems [<abbr bid="B9">9</abbr>&#8211;<abbr bid="B11">11</abbr>].</p>
         <p>Most recently, Bednarczuk [<abbr bid="B12">12</abbr>] defined weak sharp minima of order <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i4.gif"/></inline-formula> for vector-valued mappings under an assumption that the order cone is closed, convex, and pointed and used the concept to prove upper H&#246;lderness and H&#246;lder calmness of the solution set-valued mappings for a parametric vector optimization problem. In [<abbr bid="B13">13</abbr>], Bednarczuk discussed the weak sharp solution set to vector optimization problems and presented some properties in terms of well-posedness of vector optimization problems. In [<abbr bid="B14">14</abbr>], Studniarski gave the definition of weak <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i5.gif"/></inline-formula>-sharp local Pareto minimum in vector optimization problems under the assumption that the order cone is convex and presented necessary and sufficient conditions under a variety of conditions. Though the notions in [<abbr bid="B12">12</abbr>, <abbr bid="B14">14</abbr>] are different for vector optimization problems, they are equivalent for scalar optimization problems. They are a generalization of the weak sharp local minimum of order <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i6.gif"/></inline-formula>.</p>
         <p>In this paper, motivated by the work in [<abbr bid="B14">14</abbr>, <abbr bid="B15">15</abbr>], we present a sufficient and necessary condition of which a point is a weak <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i7.gif"/></inline-formula>-sharp minimum for a vector-valued mapping in the infinite-dimensional spaces. In addition, we develop the characterization of weak <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i8.gif"/></inline-formula>-sharp minima in terms of a nonlinear scalarization function.</p>
         <p>This paper is organized as follows. In Section 2, we recall the definitions of the local Pareto minimizer and weak <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i9.gif"/></inline-formula>-sharp local minimizer for vector-valued optimization problems. In Section 3, we present a sufficient and necessary condition for weak <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i10.gif"/></inline-formula>-sharp local minimizer of vector-valued optimization problems. We also give an example to illustrate the optimality condition.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
         <st>
            <p>2. Preliminary Results</p>
         </st>
         <p>Throughout the paper, <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i11.gif"/></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i12.gif"/></inline-formula> are normed spaces. <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i13.gif"/></inline-formula> denotes the open ball with center <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i14.gif"/></inline-formula> and radius <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i15.gif"/></inline-formula>. <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i16.gif"/></inline-formula> is the family of all neighborhoods of <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i17.gif"/></inline-formula>, and <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i18.gif"/></inline-formula> is the distance from a point <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i19.gif"/></inline-formula> to a set <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i20.gif"/></inline-formula>. The symbols <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i21.gif"/></inline-formula>, <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i22.gif"/></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i23.gif"/></inline-formula> denote, respectively, the complement, interior and boundary of <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i24.gif"/></inline-formula>.</p>
         <p>Let <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i25.gif"/></inline-formula> be a convex cone (containing 0). The cone defines an order structure on <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i26.gif"/></inline-formula>, that is, a relation "<inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i27.gif"/></inline-formula>" in <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i28.gif"/></inline-formula> is defined by <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i29.gif"/></inline-formula>. <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i30.gif"/></inline-formula> is a proper cone if <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i31.gif"/></inline-formula>.</p>
         <p>Let <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i32.gif"/></inline-formula> be an open subset of <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i33.gif"/></inline-formula>, <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i34.gif"/></inline-formula>. Given a vector-valued map <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i35.gif"/></inline-formula>, the following abstract optimization is considered:</p>
         <p>
            <display-formula id="M21">
               <graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i36.gif"/>
            </display-formula>
         </p>
         <p>In the sequel, we always assume that <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i37.gif"/></inline-formula> is a proper closed and convex cone.</p>
         <p>Definition 2.1. </p>
         <p>One says that <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i38.gif"/></inline-formula> is a local Pareto minimizer for (2.1), denoted by <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i39.gif"/></inline-formula>, if there exists <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i40.gif"/></inline-formula> for which there is no <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i41.gif"/></inline-formula> such that </p>
         <p>
            <display-formula id="M22">
               <graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i42.gif"/>
            </display-formula>
         </p>
         <p>If one can choose <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i43.gif"/></inline-formula>, one will say that <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i44.gif"/></inline-formula> is a Pareto minimizer for (2.1), denoted by <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i45.gif"/></inline-formula>.</p>
         <p>Note that (2.2) may be replaced by the simple condition <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i46.gif"/></inline-formula> if we assume that the cone <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i47.gif"/></inline-formula> is pointed.</p>
         <p>Definition 2.2 (see [<abbr bid="B14">14</abbr>]). </p>
         <p>Let <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i48.gif"/></inline-formula> be a nondecreasing function with the property <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i49.gif"/></inline-formula> (such a family of functions is denoted by <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i50.gif"/></inline-formula>). Let <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i51.gif"/></inline-formula>. One says that <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i52.gif"/></inline-formula> is a weak <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i53.gif"/></inline-formula>-sharp local Pareto minimizer for (2.1), denoted by <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i54.gif"/></inline-formula>, if there exist a constant <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i55.gif"/></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i56.gif"/></inline-formula> such that </p>
         <p>
            <display-formula id="M23">
               <graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i57.gif"/>
            </display-formula>
         </p>
         <p>where </p>
         <p>
            <display-formula id="M24">
               <graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i58.gif"/>
            </display-formula>
         </p>
         <p>If one can choose <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i59.gif"/></inline-formula>, one says <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i60.gif"/></inline-formula> is a weak <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i61.gif"/></inline-formula>-sharp minimizer for (2.1), denoted by <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i62.gif"/></inline-formula>. In particular, let <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i63.gif"/></inline-formula> for <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i64.gif"/></inline-formula> Then, one says that <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i65.gif"/></inline-formula> is a weak <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i66.gif"/></inline-formula>-sharp local Pareto minimizer of order <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i67.gif"/></inline-formula> for (2.1) if <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i68.gif"/></inline-formula>, and one says that <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i69.gif"/></inline-formula> is a weak sharp Pareto minimizer of order <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i70.gif"/></inline-formula> for (2.1) if <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i71.gif"/></inline-formula>.</p>
         <p>Remark 2.3. </p>
         <p>If <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i72.gif"/></inline-formula> is a closed set, condition (2.3) can be expressed as the following equivalent forms: </p>
         <p>
            <display-formula id="M25">
               <graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i73.gif"/>
            </display-formula>
         </p>
         <p/>
         <p>
            <display-formula id="M26">
               <graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i74.gif"/>
            </display-formula>
         </p>
         <p/>
         <p>Remark 2.4. </p>
         <p>In the Definition 2.2, if <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i75.gif"/></inline-formula>, <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i76.gif"/></inline-formula>, and <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i77.gif"/></inline-formula>, then the relation (2.6) becomes the following form: </p>
         <p>
            <display-formula id="M27">
               <graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i78.gif"/>
            </display-formula>
         </p>
         <p>which is the well-known definition of a weak sharp minimizer of order <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i79.gif"/></inline-formula> for (2.1); see [<abbr bid="B16">16</abbr>].</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
         <st>
            <p>3. Main Results</p>
         </st>
         <p>In this section, we first generalize the result of Theorem <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i80.gif"/></inline-formula> in Studniarski [<abbr bid="B14">14</abbr>] to infinite-dimensional spaces. Finally, we develop the characterization of weak <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i81.gif"/></inline-formula>-sharp minimizer by means of a nonlinear scalarization function.</p>
         <p>Let <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i82.gif"/></inline-formula> be a proper closed convex cone with <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i83.gif"/></inline-formula>. The topological dual space of <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i84.gif"/></inline-formula> is denoted by <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i85.gif"/></inline-formula>. The polar cone to <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i86.gif"/></inline-formula> is <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i87.gif"/></inline-formula>. It is well known that the cone <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i88.gif"/></inline-formula> contains a <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i89.gif"/></inline-formula>-compact convex set <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i90.gif"/></inline-formula> with <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i91.gif"/></inline-formula> such that </p>
         <p>
            <display-formula id="M31">
               <graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i92.gif"/>
            </display-formula>
         </p>
         <p>The set <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i93.gif"/></inline-formula> is called a base for the dual cone <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i94.gif"/></inline-formula>. Recall that a point <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i95.gif"/></inline-formula> is an extremal point of a set <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i96.gif"/></inline-formula> if there exist no different points <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i97.gif"/></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i98.gif"/></inline-formula> such that <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i99.gif"/></inline-formula>.</p>
         <p>Theorem 3.1. </p>
         <p>Suppose that <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i100.gif"/></inline-formula> is a vector-valued map. Let <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i101.gif"/></inline-formula> be a proper closed convex cone with <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i102.gif"/></inline-formula>, <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i103.gif"/></inline-formula>, and <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i104.gif"/></inline-formula>.</p>
         <p indent="1">(i)Let <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i105.gif"/></inline-formula> be a <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i106.gif"/></inline-formula>-compact convex base of <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i107.gif"/></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i108.gif"/></inline-formula> the set of extremal points of <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i109.gif"/></inline-formula>. Suppose that <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i110.gif"/></inline-formula> defined by (2.4) is a closed set. Then, <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i111.gif"/></inline-formula> if and only if there exist <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i112.gif"/></inline-formula>, a constant <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i113.gif"/></inline-formula>, a covering <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i114.gif"/></inline-formula> of <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i115.gif"/></inline-formula>, and </p>
         <p>
            <display-formula id="M32">
               <graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i116.gif"/>
            </display-formula>
         </p>
         <p/>
         <p indent="1">(ii)Let <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i117.gif"/></inline-formula> and assume that <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i118.gif"/></inline-formula>. Then <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i119.gif"/></inline-formula> if and only if there exists a covering <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i120.gif"/></inline-formula> of <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i121.gif"/></inline-formula> such that </p>
         <p>
            <display-formula id="M33">
               <graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i122.gif"/>
            </display-formula>
         </p>
         <p/>
         <p/>
         <p>Proof. </p>
         <p>(i) Part "only if": by assumption, there exist <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i123.gif"/></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i124.gif"/></inline-formula> such that</p>
         <p>
            <display-formula id="M34">
               <graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i125.gif"/>
            </display-formula>
         </p>
         <p>Let <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i126.gif"/></inline-formula> be a fixed point. Set <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i127.gif"/></inline-formula>. Since <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i128.gif"/></inline-formula> is <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i129.gif"/></inline-formula>-compact, the infimum is attained at a point of <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i130.gif"/></inline-formula>. Namely, <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i131.gif"/></inline-formula>. Clearly, <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i132.gif"/></inline-formula> for any <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i133.gif"/></inline-formula>. Hence, <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i134.gif"/></inline-formula>.</p>
         <p>For each <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i135.gif"/></inline-formula>, we define</p>
         <p>
            <display-formula id="M35">
               <graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i136.gif"/>
            </display-formula>
         </p>
         <p>We will show that </p>
         <p>
            <display-formula id="M36">
               <graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i137.gif"/>
            </display-formula>
         </p>
         <p>Let <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i138.gif"/></inline-formula>. If <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i139.gif"/></inline-formula>, then <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i140.gif"/></inline-formula> by (2.4), hence, <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i141.gif"/></inline-formula> for all <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i142.gif"/></inline-formula>. If <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i143.gif"/></inline-formula>, suppose that <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i144.gif"/></inline-formula> for any <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i145.gif"/></inline-formula>, then </p>
         <p>
            <display-formula id="M37">
               <graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i146.gif"/>
            </display-formula>
         </p>
         <p>This relation, together with statement <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i147.gif"/></inline-formula> yields </p>
         <p>
            <display-formula id="M38">
               <graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i148.gif"/>
            </display-formula>
         </p>
         <p>Obviously, for any <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i149.gif"/></inline-formula>, the above relation becomes the following form: </p>
         <p>
            <display-formula id="M39">
               <graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i150.gif"/>
            </display-formula>
         </p>
         <p>Consequently, by the bipolar theorem, one has </p>
         <p>
            <display-formula id="M310">
               <graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i151.gif"/>
            </display-formula>
         </p>
         <p>Therefore, </p>
         <p>
            <display-formula id="M311">
               <graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i152.gif"/>
            </display-formula>
         </p>
         <p>and <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i153.gif"/></inline-formula>, which is a contradiction to (3.4). We have thus proved that <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i154.gif"/></inline-formula> covers <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i155.gif"/></inline-formula>.</p>
         <p>Now, let <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i156.gif"/></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i157.gif"/></inline-formula>. From the procedure of the above proof, we see that <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i158.gif"/></inline-formula>. Hence, by (3.5), set <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i159.gif"/></inline-formula>, inequality (3.2) is true.</p>
         <p>Part "if": we define <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i160.gif"/></inline-formula>. The supremum is attained at an extremal point because of the <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i161.gif"/></inline-formula>-compactness of <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i162.gif"/></inline-formula>. So <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i163.gif"/></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i164.gif"/></inline-formula> for any <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i165.gif"/></inline-formula>. Hence, by assumption, we have</p>
         <p>
            <display-formula id="M312">
               <graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i166.gif"/>
            </display-formula>
         </p>
         <p>for <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i167.gif"/></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i168.gif"/></inline-formula>.</p>
         <p>Now, suppose that for all <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i169.gif"/></inline-formula>, (3.4) is false, then there exist <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i170.gif"/></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i171.gif"/></inline-formula> such that</p>
         <p>
            <display-formula id="M313">
               <graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i172.gif"/>
            </display-formula>
         </p>
         <p>Let <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i173.gif"/></inline-formula> be a fixed point, and since <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i174.gif"/></inline-formula> is a cone, there is <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i175.gif"/></inline-formula> such that <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i176.gif"/></inline-formula>. Consequently, </p>
         <p>
            <display-formula id="M314">
               <graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i177.gif"/>
            </display-formula>
         </p>
         <p>Therefore, </p>
         <p>
            <display-formula id="M315">
               <graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i178.gif"/>
            </display-formula>
         </p>
         <p>There is <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i179.gif"/></inline-formula> from (3.15) such that </p>
         <p>
            <display-formula id="M316">
               <graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i180.gif"/>
            </display-formula>
         </p>
         <p>Since <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i181.gif"/></inline-formula>, there is <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i182.gif"/></inline-formula> such that <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i183.gif"/></inline-formula>. Moreover, <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i184.gif"/></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i185.gif"/></inline-formula>. Hence, </p>
         <p>
            <display-formula id="M317">
               <graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i186.gif"/>
            </display-formula>
         </p>
         <p>By choosing <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i187.gif"/></inline-formula>, we obtain a contradiction to (3.12).</p>
         <p>(ii) Part "only if": for each <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i188.gif"/></inline-formula>, we define,</p>
         <p>
            <display-formula id="M318">
               <graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i189.gif"/>
            </display-formula>
         </p>
         <p>Now, we will check that (3.6) holds true. Pick any <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i190.gif"/></inline-formula>. Suppose that <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i191.gif"/></inline-formula> for any <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i192.gif"/></inline-formula>, then </p>
         <p>
            <display-formula id="M319">
               <graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i193.gif"/>
            </display-formula>
         </p>
         <p>Hence, for any <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i194.gif"/></inline-formula>, <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i195.gif"/></inline-formula>. By applying the bipolar theorem, we have </p>
         <p>
            <display-formula id="M320">
               <graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i196.gif"/>
            </display-formula>
         </p>
         <p>Combing it with the assumption, we have </p>
         <p>
            <display-formula id="M321">
               <graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i197.gif"/>
            </display-formula>
         </p>
         <p>which is a contradiction to (3.19). So (3.6) holds and (3.3) is satisfied by the definition of <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i198.gif"/></inline-formula>.</p>
         <p>Part "if": suppose that <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i199.gif"/></inline-formula>, then there exists <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i200.gif"/></inline-formula> such that</p>
         <p>
            <display-formula id="M322">
               <graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i201.gif"/>
            </display-formula>
         </p>
         <p>Indeed, <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i202.gif"/></inline-formula> can be replace by <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i203.gif"/></inline-formula>, because <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i204.gif"/></inline-formula>, <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i205.gif"/></inline-formula>, which is contradiction to (3.22). Hence, for <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i206.gif"/></inline-formula>, we have <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i207.gif"/></inline-formula>. In particular, </p>
         <p>
            <display-formula id="M323">
               <graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i208.gif"/>
            </display-formula>
         </p>
         <p>It follows from the assumption that </p>
         <p>
            <display-formula id="M324">
               <graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i209.gif"/>
            </display-formula>
         </p>
         <p>Therefore, by (3.3), we obtain </p>
         <p>
            <display-formula id="M325">
               <graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i210.gif"/>
            </display-formula>
         </p>
         <p>which contradicts relation (3.23). </p>
         <p>Remark 3.2. </p>
         <p>By taking <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i211.gif"/></inline-formula> in part (i) (resp., (ii)) of Theorem 3.1, we obtain a necessary and sufficient condition for <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i212.gif"/></inline-formula> to be in <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i213.gif"/></inline-formula> (resp., <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i214.gif"/></inline-formula>). In particular, if we choose <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i215.gif"/></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i216.gif"/></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i217.gif"/></inline-formula>, then, we obtain Theorem <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i218.gif"/></inline-formula> in [<abbr bid="B14">14</abbr>].</p>
         <p>Finally, we apply the nonlinear scalarization function to discuss the weak <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i219.gif"/></inline-formula>-sharp minimizer in vector optimization problems.</p>
         <p>Let <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i220.gif"/></inline-formula> be a closed and convex cone with nonempty interior <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i221.gif"/></inline-formula>. Given a fixed point <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i222.gif"/></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i223.gif"/></inline-formula>, the nonlinear scalarization function <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i224.gif"/></inline-formula> is defined by </p>
         <p>
            <display-formula id="M326">
               <graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i225.gif"/>
            </display-formula>
         </p>
         <p>This function plays an important role in the context of nonconvex vector optimization problems and has excellent properties such as continuousness, convexity, and (strict) monotonicity on <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i226.gif"/></inline-formula>. More results about the function can be found in [<abbr bid="B17">17</abbr>].</p>
         <p>In what follows, we present several properties about the nonlinear scalarization function.</p>
         <p>Lemma 3.3 (see [<abbr bid="B17">17</abbr>]). </p>
         <p>For any fixed <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i227.gif"/></inline-formula>, <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i228.gif"/></inline-formula>, and <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i229.gif"/></inline-formula>. One has </p>
         <p indent="1">(i)<inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i230.gif"/></inline-formula>, </p>
         <p indent="1">(ii)<inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i231.gif"/></inline-formula>. </p>
         <p indent="1">(iii)<inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i232.gif"/></inline-formula>. </p>
         <p/>
         <p>Given a vector-valued map <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i233.gif"/></inline-formula>, define <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i234.gif"/></inline-formula> by </p>
         <p>
            <display-formula id="M327">
               <graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i235.gif"/>
            </display-formula>
         </p>
         <p/>
         <p>Next, we consider weak <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i236.gif"/></inline-formula>-sharp local minimizer for a vector-valued map <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i237.gif"/></inline-formula> through a weak sharp local minimizer of a scalar function <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i238.gif"/></inline-formula>.</p>
         <p>Theorem 3.4. </p>
         <p>Let <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i239.gif"/></inline-formula>. Suppose that <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i240.gif"/></inline-formula> defined by (2.4) is a closed set. Then, </p>
         <p>
            <display-formula id="M328">
               <graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i241.gif"/>
            </display-formula>
         </p>
         <p/>
         <p>Proof. </p>
         <p>Part "only if": let us assume that <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i242.gif"/></inline-formula>. Thus, there exist <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i243.gif"/></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i244.gif"/></inline-formula> such that </p>
         <p>
            <display-formula id="M329">
               <graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i245.gif"/>
            </display-formula>
         </p>
         <p>Note that, when <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i246.gif"/></inline-formula> is a closed set, </p>
         <p>
            <display-formula id="M330">
               <graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i247.gif"/>
            </display-formula>
         </p>
         <p>Therefore, </p>
         <p>
            <display-formula id="M331">
               <graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i248.gif"/>
            </display-formula>
         </p>
         <p>By using Lemma 3.3(ii), one has </p>
         <p>
            <display-formula id="M332">
               <graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i249.gif"/>
            </display-formula>
         </p>
         <p>According to Lemma 3.3(iii), one has </p>
         <p>
            <display-formula id="M333">
               <graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i250.gif"/>
            </display-formula>
         </p>
         <p>This relation, together with (3.32) yields </p>
         <p>
            <display-formula id="M334">
               <graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i251.gif"/>
            </display-formula>
         </p>
         <p>Namely, </p>
         <p>
            <display-formula id="M335">
               <graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i252.gif"/>
            </display-formula>
         </p>
         <p>that is, <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i253.gif"/></inline-formula>.</p>
         <p>Part "if": by assumption, there exist <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i254.gif"/></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i255.gif"/></inline-formula> such that</p>
         <p>
            <display-formula id="M336">
               <graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i256.gif"/>
            </display-formula>
         </p>
         <p>In terms of Lemma 3.3(iii), we have </p>
         <p>
            <display-formula id="M337">
               <graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i257.gif"/>
            </display-formula>
         </p>
         <p>Hence, </p>
         <p>
            <display-formula id="M338">
               <graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i258.gif"/>
            </display-formula>
         </p>
         <p>Once more using Lemma 3.3(ii), one has </p>
         <p>
            <display-formula id="M339">
               <graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i259.gif"/>
            </display-formula>
         </p>
         <p>which implies that </p>
         <p>
            <display-formula id="M340">
               <graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i260.gif"/>
            </display-formula>
         </p>
         <p>Since <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i261.gif"/></inline-formula>, there exists some number <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i262.gif"/></inline-formula> such that <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i263.gif"/></inline-formula>. Moreover, </p>
         <p>
            <display-formula id="M341">
               <graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i264.gif"/>
            </display-formula>
         </p>
         <p>Hence, it follows from the relation that </p>
         <p>
            <display-formula id="M342">
               <graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i265.gif"/>
            </display-formula>
         </p>
         <p>Combing it with relation (3.40), we deduce that </p>
         <p>
            <display-formula id="M343">
               <graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i266.gif"/>
            </display-formula>
         </p>
         <p>Let <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i267.gif"/></inline-formula>, by the definition of weak <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i268.gif"/></inline-formula>-sharp local minimizer, we have <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i269.gif"/></inline-formula>. </p>
         <p>It is possible to illustrate Theorem 3.4 by means of adapting a simple example given in [<abbr bid="B14">14</abbr>].</p>
         <p>Example 3.5. </p>
         <p>Let <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i270.gif"/></inline-formula>, <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i271.gif"/></inline-formula> and let <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i272.gif"/></inline-formula> be defined by </p>
         <p>
            <display-formula id="M344">
               <graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i273.gif"/>
            </display-formula>
         </p>
         <p>We choose <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i274.gif"/></inline-formula>. Using Definition 2.2, we derive that <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i275.gif"/></inline-formula>.</p>
         <p>Let <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i276.gif"/></inline-formula>. From Corollary <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i277.gif"/></inline-formula> in [<abbr bid="B17">17</abbr>], we have <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i278.gif"/></inline-formula>. Observe that </p>
         <p>
            <display-formula id="M345">
               <graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i279.gif"/>
            </display-formula>
         </p>
         <p>It is easy to verify that <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i280.gif"/></inline-formula> for all <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i281.gif"/></inline-formula>. Using relation (2.7), we show that <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i282.gif"/></inline-formula>. Hence, condition (3.28) with <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i283.gif"/></inline-formula> holds for <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-1812-2010-154598-i284.gif"/></inline-formula>.</p>
      </sec>
   </bdy>
   <bm>
      <ack>
         <sec>
            <st>
               <p>Acknowledgments</p>
            </st>
            <p>This paper was partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant no. 10871216) and Chongqing University Postgraduates Science and Innovation Fund (Project no. 201005B1A0010338). The authors would like to thank the anonymous referees for their valuable comments and suggestions, which helped to improve the paper, and are grateful to Professor M. Studniarski for providing the paper [<abbr bid="B14">14</abbr>].</p>
         </sec>
      </ack>
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